urinalysis…

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what the risks are female urinary tract, male urinary tract, urine appearance, color, routine urine test, urinalysis, physical, chemical examination, the urine, consist of a battery of chemical, microscopic tests to screen, urinary tract infections, renal, kidney, disease, diseases of other organs that result, in the appearance of abnormal metabolites, break-down products, urine, collect a "clean-catch", midstream, urine sample, to, men, boys should wipe clean the head, the penis, women, girls need to wash the area between the lips, the vagina, soapy water, rinse well, start to urinate, allow a small amount to fall, toilet bowl, clears the urethra of contaminants, clean container, catch, 1 to 2 ounces of urine, remove the container, urine stream, give the container, assistant, an infant, thoroughly wash the area around the urethra, open a urine collection bag, a plastic bag, an adhesive paper on one end, place it on infant, boys, entire penis, in the bag, adhesive attached, skin, girls, bag, over the labia, place a diaper over the infant, bag, check baby frequently, remove the bag, infant has urinated into it, active infants, take a couple of attempts, lively infants, displace the bag, causing an inability, obtain the specimen, urine is drained into a container, transport back, performed, 15 minutes, urine is collected, various tests, conducted, sample, the screening urinalysis tests, measured by a reagent "dipstick" which contains little pads of chemicals that change color, they come in contact, the substances of interest, several types of reagent strips, depends on the type of strip, to what tests, urine, analyzed, in the laboratory, gross, chemical exam, urine chemistry, urine appearance, color, cloudy, turbid, layered, pale yellow, dark yellow, red, green, blue, bilirubin, urine, a degradation product of hemoglobin, glucose, a sugar, see glucose, urine, hemoglobin, an indication of hemolysis, urine ketones, a by-product of fat metabolism, present in starvation, diabetes, nitrite, an indication of urinary tract infection, urine ph, acidity, alkalinity, the urine, urine protein, urine specific gravity, how concentrated, dilute the urine, urobilinogen, a degradation product of bilirubin, microscopic exam, bacteria, microorganisms, urine culture, clean catch, casts, crystals, fat, mucous, red blood cells, an indication of damage, tubules, renal tubular cells, transitional epithelial cells, white blood cells, an indication of urinary tract infection, collect a urine sample, first morning urine, most concentrated, more likely to show abnormalities, drugs, medications, affect the test, monitored, discontinued, "special considerations"., collection is taken, infant, a couple of extra collection bags necessary, test involves only normal urination, no discomfort, this done, a general screening to check, early signs of disease, monitor diabetes or kidney disease, check, urinary tract infection, blood, in the urine , normal urine, vary in color from colorless to dark yellow, foods, beets, blackberries, color the urine red, urine specific gravity ranges between 1.006, 1.030, higher numbers mean a higher concentration, specific gravity, depending on the time of day, food, liquids consumed, recent exercise, urine ph is also influenced by a number of factors, generally the normal ph range is from 4.6 to 8.0, an average of 6.0, no detectable urine glucose, urine ketones, urine protein, no red blood cells in urine, hemoglobin is not, found, in the urine, bilirubin, not detected, in the urine, a trace of urobilinogen, in the urine, nitrites, white blood cells, leukocytes, in the urine, the individual components, urine appearance and color, urine is of an unusual color that cannot be accounted, by food intake, urinalysis is positive, urine specific gravity, specific gravity is higher, lower than the normal range, concentration, the urine depends on the time of day, food, fluids have had, exercise have had, indicate a kidney problem, should consult the health care provider, urine ph, situations, an alkaline urine is good, kidney stones, less likely to form, antibiotics, more effective, in the alkaline urine, times, the acidic urine, prevent some kinds of kidney stones, prevent growth, certain types of bacteria, ph is very acidic, alkaline, want to discuss it, the health care provider, urine sugar, blood levels of glucose, very high, the glucose, in the urine, glucose, ketones tests, done together, large amounts of ketones present in uncontrolled diabetes, urine protein, finding protein, in the urine is probably the best test, screening, kidney disease, there a number of causes, an increased protein level, in the urine, blood is found, in the urine, indicate a urinary tract disease, bleeding, kidneys, vigorous physical exercise, no association between exercise, positive blood findings, bilirubin, in the urine, sign of a liver, bile duct disease, should consult the health care provider, urobilinogen is found in small traces, in the urine, large amounts, should discuss it, the health care provider, nitrites, white blood cells, an indication that a urinary tract infection is present, should contact the health care provider, vitamin c that the body, does not need is excreted, in the urine, measurable amounts of vitamin c, in the urine, interfere, the other urine tests, receive false positives, false negatives on the results, the individual components, additional conditions under which the test performed, acute bilateral obstructive uropathy, acute nephritic syndrome, acute tubular necrosis, acute unilateral obstructive uropathy, alkalosis, alport syndrome, analgesic nephropathy, anorexia nervosa, atheroembolic renal disease, atrial myxoma, left, bladder stones, chronic bilateral obstructive uropathy, chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic, recurrent urinary tract infection, chronic renal failure, chronic unilateral obstructive uropathy, chronic urethritis, complicated uti, pyelonephritis, congenital nephrotic syndrome, cystinuria, delirium, dementia, dementia, due to metabolic causes, diabetes insipidus, central, diabetic nephropathy/sclerosis, enuresis, epididymitis, failure to thrive, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, goodpasture's syndrome, heart failure, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, hus, henoch-schonlein purpura, insulin-dependent diabetes, idd, iga nephropathy, berger's disease, igm mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, injury, the kidney, ureter, interstitial nephritis, irritable bladder, left-sided heart failure, lupus nephritis, malignant hypertension, arteriolar nephrosclerosis, medullary cystic disease, membranoproliferative gn i, membranoproliferative gn ii, membranous nephropathy, myelomeningocele, children, necrotizing vasculitis, nephrotic syndrome, noninsulin-dependent diabetes, nidd, orchitis, ovarian cancer, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, pnh, polycystic kidney disease, post-streptococcal gn, prerenal azotemia, primary amyloid, prostate cancer, prostatitis, acute, prostatitis, chronic, prostatitis, non-bacterial, pyelonephritis, acute, rapidly progressive, crescentic, glomerulonephritis, reflux nephropathy, renal papillary necrosis, renal tubular acidosis, distal, renal tubular acidosis, proximal, renal vein thrombosis, retrograde ejaculation, rhabdomyolysis, right-sided heart failure, secondary systemic amyloid, stress incontinence, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, scleroderma, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, traumatic injury, the bladder, urethra, ureterocele, urethral stricture, urethritis, wegener's granulomatosis, wilms' tumor, no risks, a home test is used, person reading the results must not have impaired color vision, interpreted using a color chart, drugs change the color of urine, does not indicate disease, chloroquine, iron supplements, levodopa, nitrofurantoin, phenazopyridine, phenothiazines, phenytoin, riboflavin, triamterene.