transient ischemic attack, tia…

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endarterectomy, transient ischemic attack, tia, mini stroke, tia, little stroke, a transient ischemic attack, "mini-stroke", temporary disturbance of blood supply to an area, the brain, resulting, sudden, brief decrease in brain function, lasts less than 24 hours, less than one hour, a transient ischemic attack, tia, an interruption of blood flow to brain cells, symptoms resolve completely in under 24 hours, a tia, "mini stroke", not resolve, event, a stroke, a brief interruption, blood flow, cause a decrease in brain function, neurologic deficit, the area, the brain affected, changes in vision, speech, comprehension, vertigo, decreased movement, sensation, in the level of consciousness, blood flow is decreased, sufficient period, brain cells, in the area die, infarct, causing permanent damage to that area, the brain, death, loss of blood circulation, brain, narrowing of a blood vessel, blood clotting, an artery, the brain, blood clot traveling, brain from somewhere else, heart, a blood disease, cancer, inflammation of blood vessels, injury to blood vessels, tia, blood supply is only temporarily blocked, a blood clot, dissolve, allow blood to flow, again, atherosclerosis, "hardening, the arteries", condition where fatty deposits occur on the inner lining, the arteries, dramatically increases the risk, tias, stroke, atherosclerotic plaque is formed, damage occurs, lining of an artery, platelets clump around the area of injury, a normal part, the clotting, healing process, cholesterol, fats also collect at this site, forming a mass, the lining, the artery, a clot, thrombus, form, site, the plaque, triggered by irregular blood flow in this location, thrombus, block blood vessels, in the brain, pieces of plaque, clots, break off, travel, the bloodstream from distant locations, forming an embolus, block the small arteries, causing tias, one-third, the people diagnosed, tia, later have a stroke, 80-90% of people, a stroke, atherosclerosis had tia episodes, stroke, one-third, the people, a tia, have another tia, one-third, have only one tia, age of onset, incidence rises dramatically after age 50, tia is more common among men, black people, less common causes, tia include blood disorders, polycythemia, sickle cell anemia, hyperviscosity syndromes, blood is very thick, spasm, the small arteries, in the brain, abnormalities of blood vessels, disorders fibromuscular dysplasia, inflammation, the arteries, arteritis, polyarteritis, granulomatous angiitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, syphilis, hypotension, low blood pressure, precipitate symptoms in an individual, a pre-existing vascular lesion, risks, tia include high blood pressure, hypertension, heart disease, migraine headaches, smoking, diabetes mellitus, increasing age, symptoms of tia, that occur in stroke, the sudden development of, numbness, tingling, changes in sensation, weakness, heavy feeling of extremities, speech difficulty, garbled speech, slurred speech, vision changes, loss of vision in one eye, decreased vision, double vision, sensation that the person, room is moving, vertigo, loss of balance, lack of coordination, gait changes, staggering, falling, weakness, in the legs, additional symptoms that associated, facial paralysis, eye pain, confusion, symptoms begin suddenly, last only a short time, a few minutes to 24 hours, disappear completely, occur again at a later time, specific symptoms vary depending on the location, vessel is involved, degree of vessel involvement, extent of collateral circulation, occur on the same side, more than one body part is involved, a detailed, complete history is vital, diagnosis, the specific deficits demonstrated help the physician determine which area, the brain was affected, diagnosis, rest on the history alone, signs, have completely disappeared by the time one gets, hospital, a physical examination should, neurologic examination, abnormal, an episode but normal, episode has passed, rule out a stroke in evolution rather than tia, blood pressure high, listening, a stethoscope over the carotid, artery, a bruit, an abnormal sound, irregular blood flow, indicate atherosclerotic plaque, a thrombus, in the area, tia, extent of blood vessel involvement, to rule out stroke, cbc, pt tests, rule out hematologic disease, head ct scan, cranial mri, rule out focal lesions, the cause of symptoms, a carotid duplex, ultrasound, performed, suspected carotid stenosis, an echocardiogram performed to look, source of embolism, a cerebral arteriogram performed, suspected localized vascular, blood vessel, carotid artery stenosis, "hardening", vasculitis, inflammation, the blood vessels, in the brain, tests, procedures performed, underlying disorders, to rule out other disorders, examination, hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, high blood lipids, vasculitis, peripheral vascular disease, .blood glucose, blood chemistry, serum lipids, esr, sedimentation rate, syphilis, ecg, chest x-ray, echocardiography, heart disorder is suspected, goal, improve the arterial blood supply, brain, prevent the development of a stroke, treatment of recent tia, the prior 48 hours, admission, hospital, evaluation, the specific cause, determination of long-term treatment, underlying disorders, treated appropriately, such disorders, hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, arteritis, blood disorders, smoking, treatment of symptoms of blood disorders, erythrocytosis, thrombocytosis, polycythemia vera, an increase, in the number of some types of blood cells, phlebotomy, hydration, the underlying, causative, blood disorder, antihypertensive medications, control high blood pressure, medications to lower cholesterol useful in reducing high blood cholesterol levels, platelet inhibitors, anticoagulant medications, blood thinners, reduce clotting, aspirin, most commonly used medication, others include dipyridamole, clopidogrel, aggrenox, heparin, coumadin, similar medications, treatment continued, an indefinite time period, a reduced amount, sodium, in the diet to help control high blood pressure, diet, diabetics, reduced dietary fat, dietary changes recommended, surgery, carotid endarterectomy, removal of atherosclerotic plaque, carotid arteries, in the neck, people, carotid artery stenosis of greater than 70%, the artery, coexisting terminal disease, dementia, by definition, an episode of tia is brief, recovery is complete, recur later that same day, at a later time, have only a single episode, have recurrent episodes, stroke, a tia needs to be treated, aggressively, a stroke would, given tia could develop into a stroke, stroke, tia recurrence, injury that occurs from falls, bleeding, a result of anti-coagulant medications, tia, medical emergency, not ignore symptoms just, they resolve! they a warning of an impending stroke, symptoms resolve completely, important to call healthcare provider, an emergency number, get immediate medical attention, prevention of tia includes controlling the risk factors, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, associated disorders, smoking, use of blood thinners, prevent strokes, patients, blood clots, atrial fibrillation, carotid endarterectomy in select patients, prevent stroke.