spinal cord trauma…

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vertebrae, cauda equina, vertebra, spinal nerves, spinal cord compression, injury, compression of spinal cord, spinal cord trauma is damage, spinal cord that results from direct injury, cord, from indirect injury from damage, bones, soft tissues, blood vessels surrounding the spinal cord, spinal cord trauma, number of injuries, spine, result from motor vehicle accidents, falls, sports injuries, particularly diving into shallow water, industrial accidents, gunshot wounds, assault, a seemingly minor injury, cause spinal cord trauma spine is weakened, from rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, spinal canal protecting the spinal cord has, become too narrow, spinal stenosis, normal aging process, direct injury, cuts, spinal cord, particularly bones, discs have been damaged, fragments of bone, from fractured vertebrae, fragments of metal, a traffic accident, damage the spinal cord, direct damage, occur spinal cord is pulled, pressed sideways, compressed, occur head, neck, twisted abnormally, an accident, injury, bleeding, fluid accumulation, swelling, occur inside the spinal cord, outside the spinal cord, the spinal canal, accumulation of blood, fluid, compress the spinal cord, damage it, spinal cord injuries occur in approximately 12,000-15,000 people per year, 10,000 of these people, permanently paralyzed, the rest die, a result of injuries, most spinal cord trauma occurs to young, healthy individuals, males between ages 15, most commonly affected, 5% of spinal cord injuries occur in children, fatality rate is higher, pediatric spine injuries, risk factors include participating in risky physical activities, not wearing protective gear, work, play, diving into shallow water, older people, weakened spines, from osteoporosis, likely to have a spinal cord injury, patients, medical problems that make them prone to falling from weakness, clumsiness, from stroke, more susceptible, symptoms vary somewhat depending on the location, the injury, spinal cord injury results in varying degress of weakness, sensory loss at, below the injury, pattern depends on whether the entire cord is injured, complete, partially, incomplete, spinal cord doesn't go below the 1st lumbar vertebra, injuries at, below this level, not cause spinal cord injury, "cauda equina syndrome", injury, nerve roots in this area, cervical, near the neck, injuries, spinal cord injuries occur near the neck, varying degrees of symptoms, affect both the arms, legs, weakness, paralysis, breathing difficulties, from paralysis, the breathing muscles, spasticity, increased muscle tone, sensory changes, numbness, pain, loss of normal bowel, bladder control, constipation, incontinence, bladder spasms, constipation, thoracic, chest-level, injuries, spinal injuries occur at chest level, varying degrees of symptoms, affect the legs, weakness, paralysis, breathing difficulties, from paralysis, the breathing muscles, spasticity, increased muscle tone, sensory changes, numbness, pain, loss of normal bowel, bladder control, constipation, incontinence, bladder spasms, injuries, cervical, high thoracic cord, result in, abnormal blood pressure blood pressure fluctuates quickly, a wide range, worsened, pain, bladder spasms, abnormal sweating, trouble maintaining proper temperature, develop immediately after injury, occur gradually, fluid accumulation around the spinal cord, swelling, the spinal cord, spinal cord injury, medical emergency requiring immediate attention to minimize the long-term effects, a neurologic examination indicates the location, the injury, not immediately evident, reflexes abnormal, absent in affected areas, some recovery of reflexes after swelling has subsided, muscle spasticity is common, a late effect of spinal cord injury, spine x-rays, fracture, bones, the spine, a ct scan, mri, the spine, pinpoint the location, extent of spinal cord trauma, demonstrate any compressive lesions, blood clots, hematomas, rarely a myelogram, an x-ray, the spine after injection of dye, somatosensory evoked potential, ssep, testing, magnetic stimulation, signals, the spinal cord, a spinal cord trauma, medical emergency requiring immediate treatment to reduce the long-term effects, time between the injury, critical factor affecting the eventual outcome, corticosteroids, dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, reduce swelling, damage the spinal cord, spinal cord compression, a mass, hematoma, bony fragment, removed, brought down, is total destruction, the nerves, the spine, paralysis, cases be reduced, relieved, ideally, corticosteroids should begin, injury, surgery necessary, surgery to remove fluid, tissue that presses on the spinal cord, decompression laminectomy, surgery needed to remove bone fragments, disc fragments, foreign objects, to stabilize fractured vertebrae, by fusion, the bones, insertion of hardware, bedrest needed, the bones, the spine, bears most, the weight, to heal, anatomic realignment is important, spinal traction, reduce dislocation, immobilize the spine, skull immobilized, tongs, metal braces placed, in the skull, attached to traction weights, to a harness on the body, address muscle spasms, care, the skin, bowel, bladder dysfunction, extensive physical therapy, occupational therapy, rehabilitation interventions, acute injury has healed, rehabilitation assists the person in coping, disability that results from spinal cord trauma, spasticity, reduced by many oral medications, medications, injected, spinal canal, injections of botulinum toxins, muscles, important to treat pain, analgesics, muscle relaxants, physical therapy modalities, organizations that provide support, spinal injury resources, paralysis, loss of sensation of part, common, total paralysis, numbness, varying degrees of movement, sensation loss, death is possible, paralysis, the breathing muscles, level of injury affects the outcome, injuries near the top, the spine result in more extensive disability, numbness, paralysis, breathing difficulty, than injuries low, in the spine, recovery of some movement, sensation, one week, indicates eventual recovery of most function, take 6 months, losses that emain after 6 months, more likely to be permanent, paralysis, paraplegia, quadriplegia, loss of sensation, loss of bladder control, increased risk of urinary tract infections, increased risk of chronic bilateral obstructive nephropathy, loss of bowel control, loss of sexual functioning, male impotence, paralysis of breathing muscles, increased risk of injury to numb areas, pain, complications of immobility, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary infections, skin breakdown, contractures, shock, extreme blood pressure fluctuations, spasticity, late complication, injury, neck occurs, any loss of movement, sensation, medical emergency, spinal cord injury begins, site of an accident, paramedics trained in immobilizing the injured spine, prevent further damage, nervous system, someone suspected of having a spinal cord injury should not be moved, immobilization, an immediate threat, safety practices, work, recreation, prevent many spinal cord injuries, use proper protective equipment, an injury is possible, diving into shallow water, major cause of spinal cord trauma, check the depth of water, diving, look, rocks, obstructions, football, sledding injuries often involve sharp blows, abnormal twisting, bending, the back, neck, result in spinal cord trauma, use caution, sledding, inspect the area, obstacles, use appropriate techniques, equipment, playing football, contact sports, falls climbing at work, recreation, result in spinal cord injuries, defensive driving, wearing seat belts greatly reduces the risk of serious injury, there, automobile accident.