prothrombin time, pt…

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what the risks are pt, pro-time, test that measures the clotting time of plasma, liquid portion, the blood, blood is drawn, a vein, on the inside, the elbow, the hand, puncture site is cleaned, antiseptic, an elastic band, around the upper arm to apply pressure, restrict blood flow, the vein, veins below the band to fill, blood, a needle is inserted, vein, blood is collected in an air-tight vial, a syringe, band is removed, restore circulation, once the blood has been collected, needle is removed, puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding, an infant, young child, area is cleansed, antiseptic, punctured, a sharp needle, a lancet, blood collected, pipette, small glass tube, on a slide, onto a test strip, into a small container, cotton, a bandage applied, puncture site, any continued bleeding, health care provider, advise to stop taking drugs, affect the test, "special considerations", infants, children, test depends on child's age, level of trust, prepare child, infant test, procedure preparation, birth to 1 year, toddler test, procedure preparation, 1 to 3 years, preschooler test, procedure preparation, 3 to 6 years, schoolage test, procedure preparation, 6 to 12 years, adolescent test, procedure preparation, 12 to 18 years, the needle is inserted to draw blood, feel moderate pain, others feel only a prick, stinging sensation, some throbbing, pt, broad screening test, many types of bleeding disorders, evaluates blood clotting disorders, bleeding, normal range is 11 to 13.5 seconds, "normal", somewhat in different labs, person on full anticoagulant therapy, pt, 2 to 3 times the laboratory "control" value, increased pt times, bile duct obstruction, cirrhosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, hepatitis, malabsorption, inadequate absorption of nutrients, intestinal tract, vitamin k deficiency, coumadin, warfarin, therapy, factor vii deficiency, factor x deficiency, factor ii, prothrombin, deficiency, factor v deficiency, factor i, fibrinogen, deficiency, test performed under many conditions, in the evaluation of a wide variety of disorders, excessive bleeding, fainting, feeling light-headed, hematoma, blood accumulating under the skin, infection, a slight risk, the skin is broken, multiple punctures to locate veins, performed on people who, have bleeding problems, risk of bleeding, hematoma, slightly greater than, bleeding problems, coagulation, blood clotting, a sequence of reactions involving several proteins known, coagulation factors, of these factors have other names, factor i, fibrinogen, factor ii is prothrombin, factor xii is hageman factor, liver produces these proteins, secretes them, blood, vitamin k is important to blood clotting, body converts it into prothrombin, take warfarin to keep blood from clotting, warfarin inhibits prothrombin, interrupting the clotting cascade, the link between vitamin k, prothrombin, people who take warfarin need to have consistent levels of vitamin k in diet, coagulation begins, the coagulation factors contact damaged tissue, each factor reaction triggers the next reaction, cascade, final product, the coagulation cascade, blood clot, factor x, activated by two different chemical-reaction sequences, factors involved, in the two sequences, the intrinsic system, extrinsic system, extrinsic system, a substance, thromboplastin, tissue factor, a protein released by damaged tissues, activates factor vii, pt test, evaluate the adequacy, the extrinsic system, measures the clotting ability of factors i, fibrinogen, ii, prothrombin, v, vii, x, of these factors is deficient, pt is prolonged, interfering factors, anticoagulant therapy, heparin, warfarin, increased red blood cell mass, results in excess anticoagulant, in the serum, resulting in artificially prolonged pt, veins, arteries vary in size, obtaining a blood sample.