pericardiocentesis…

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what the risks are --> heart, pericardium, pericardial tap, percutaneous pericardiocentesis, pericardiocentesis involves, use of a needle to withdraw fluid, pericardial sac, membrane that surrounds the heart, remove fluid that is compressing the heart, fluid evaluated, diagnostic purposes, in the past this procedure was performed, cardiac catheterization laboratory, it, performed, in the procedure room of an intensive care unit, bedside, an iv line is inserted, to be used, fluids, medications need to be given, medication given, prevent vasovagal reflex resulting in bradycardia, a slowing, the heartbeat, hypotension, fall in blood pressure, insertion site just below the sternum, breastbone, cleansed, a local anesthetic, a pericardiocentesis needle, introduced, guided, pericardial sac, electrocardiographic, ecg, leads attached by a clip, needle to help, proper needle positioning, an echocardiogram is more frequently, help in positioning the needle, monitoring the drainage procedure, once the needle reached the pericardial sac, a guide wire is passed, needle is removed, and replaced, a catheter, fluid is withdrawn, catheter, put into containers, this pericardial catheter is left in place, continuous draining, several hours, surgical pericardiocentesis necessary in difficult cases, in this procedure the fluid is drained, a more invasive procedure, require additional anesthesia, test is elective, restrict fluid, food, 6 hours, must sign a consent form, infants, children, test depends on child's age, level of trust, prepare child, infant test, procedure preparation, birth to 1 year, toddler test, procedure preparation, 1 to 3 years, preschooler test, procedure preparation, 3 to 6 years, schoolage test, procedure preparation, 6 to 12 years, adolescent test, procedure preparation, 12 to 18 years, there a feeling of pressure, the needle enters, individuals feel transient chest pain, require pain medication, this test, evaluate the cause of a chronic, recurrent pericardial effusion, fluid, in the pericardial sac, a treatment measure to relieve cardiac tamponade, compression, the heart, accumulation of fluid, the pericardial sac, there, a small amount, straw-colored fluid, in the pericardial space, abnormal findings, indicate the cause of pericardial fluid accumulation, cardiac perforation, pericarditis, congestive heart failure, cancer, cardiac trauma, rupture of a ventricular aneurysm, stretching, bulging of a weakened ventricular wall, puncture, the myocardium, heart muscle, a coronary artery, vessels that supply blood, heart muscle, pneumopericardium, allowing air, pericardial sac, myocardial infarction, heart attack, needle-induced arrhythmias, irregular heartbeats, infection, pericarditis, puncture, the lung, liver, stomach.