dementia…

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central nervous system, chronic brain syndrome, dementia, a group of symptoms involving progressive impairment of brain function, disorders that cause dementia include conditions that impair the vascular, blood vessels, neurologic, nerve, structures, the brain, dementia, treatable, normal pressure hydrocephalus, brain tumors, dementia, due to metabolic causes, infections, unfortunately, most disorders associated, dementia, progressive, irreversible, degenerative, two major degenerative causes, dementia, alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, loss of brain function, due to a series, small strokes, two conditions often occur together, vascular dementia, speed the progression, of alzheimer's disease, neither condition, diagnosed definitively, autopsy, dementia diagnosed, two, brain functions, impaired, functions include language, memory, visual-spatial perception, emotional behavior, personality, cognitive skills, calculation, abstract thinking, judgment, dementia, appears, forgetfulness, symptoms apparent only, neurologic examination, cognitive testing, dementia progresses slowly from decreased problem solving, language skills to difficulty, ordinary daily activities to severe memory loss, complete disorientation, withdrawal from social interaction, progressive memory loss, inability to concentrate, decrease in problem-solving skills, judgment capability, confusion, severe, hallucinations, delusions, altered sensation, perception, impaired recognition, agnosia, impaired recognition of familiar objects, persons, impaired recognition, the senses, altered sleep patterns, insomnia, increased sleep, disturbance, change in sleep-wake cycle, motor system impairment, impaired skilled motor function, apraxia, inability to reproduce geometric figures, inability to mimic hand positions, inability to dress self, gait changes, inappropriate movements, motor system impairment, disorientation, place, time disorientation, visual-spatial disorientation, inability to interpret environmental cues, specific disorders of problem-solving, learning, inability to generalize, loss of abstract thinking, impaired calculating ability, inability to learn, memory deficit, short-term memory problems, remember new things, long-term memory problems, remember past, absent, impaired language ability, aphasia, inability to comprehend speech, inability to read, inability to write, inability to speak, muscle paralysis, inability to form words, inability to name objects, poor enunciation, inappropriate speech, use of jargon, wrong words, inability to repeat a phrase, persistent repetition of phrases, language impairment, personality changes, irritability, poor temper control, anxiety, depression, indecisiveness, self-centeredness, inflexibility, no observable mood, flat affect, inappropriate mood, behavior, withdrawal from social interaction, inability to function, interact in social, personal situations, inability to maintain employment, decreased ability to care, oneself, decreased interest in daily living activities, lack of spontaneity, additional symptoms that associated, swallowing problems, incontinence, a neurologic examination, reveal abnormalities, early signs of dementia include mild problems, memory, attention, over time, following cognitive difficulties, appear, language problems, disorientation, personality changes, visual, spatial problems, slow thinking, impaired skilled motor function, apraxia, impaired recognition, agnosia, planning, organizing, weakness, incontinence, falling, extent of damage, dementia indicated by tests, not limited to, serum electrolytes, blood chemistry, chem-20, serum calcium, glucose test, thyroid stimulating hormone level, thyroid function tests, liver function tests, blood ammonia levels, b-12 level, drug, alcohol levels, toxicology screen, urinalysis, blood gas analysis, eeg, electroencephalograph, head ct, mri of head, csf, cerebrospinal fluid, analysis, goal of treatment, control the symptoms of dementia, the specific disorder, hospitalization needed, short time, underlying causes, treating reversible organic lesions tumors, stopping, changing medications that worsen confusion, not essential, care, improve cognitive function, medications that contribute to confusion include anticholinergics, analgesics, cimetidine, central nervous system depressants, lidocaine, disorders that contribute to confusion should also be treated, heart failure, decreased oxygen, hypoxia, thyroid disorders, anemia, nutritional disorders, infections, psychiatric conditions depression, correction of co-existing medical, psychiatric disorders often greatly improves mental functioning, medications needed to control aggressive, agitated behaviors, dangerous, dementia, to others, given in very low doses, adjusted, medications, use, anti-psychotics, given at night, serotonin-affecting drugs, trazodone, buspirone, dopamine blockers, haloperidol, risperidal, olanzapine, clozapine, cholinesterase inhibitors [donepezil, aricept, rivastigmine, exelon, galantamine, razadyne, formerly, reminyl, alzheimer's-type dementia], fluoxetine, imipramine, celexa to help stabilize mood, stimulant drugs, methylphenidate, to increase activity, spontaneity, vitamin e, sensory function, evaluated regularly, hearing aids, glasses, cataract surgery, provided, formal psychiatric treatment psychotherapy, group therapy is seldom helpful, it, overload the limited cognitive resources, in the person, dementia, long-term treatment, providing a safe environment, controlling aggressive, agitated behavior, meeting the physiologic needs, dementia, require monitoring, assistance, in the home, in an institutionalized setting, options include in-home care, boarding homes, adult day care, convalescent homes, visiting nurses, aides, volunteer services, homemakers, adult protective services, community resources, help in caring, dementia, communities, support groups available, elder care, support group, family counseling, family members cope, home care, in any care setting, familiar objects, lights, left on at night to reduce disorientation, activity schedule, simple, behavior modification, help some people to control unacceptable, dangerous behavior, consists of rewarding appropriate behaviors, ignoring inappropriate ones, the bounds of safety, reality orientation, repeated reinforcement of environmental, cues, help reduce disorientation, legal advice appropriate early, in the course, the disorder, the person, dementia becomes too incapacitated to make decisions, advance directives, power of attorney, legal actions, make it easier to decide, the care, dementia, acute disorders that cause delirium, coexist, chronic disorders causing dementia, chronic brain syndromes, progressive, result in decreased quality of life, decreased life span, complications depend on the cause, the dementia, loss of ability to function, care, self, loss of ability to interact, increased infections anywhere, reduced life span, abuse, overstressed caregiver, side effects of medications, treat the disorder, dementia develops, a sudden change in mental status occurs, call health care provider condition of a person, dementia deteriorates, unable to cope, caring, in the home, most causes, dementia, not preventable, risk of vascular dementia, a series, small strokes, reduced by quitting smoking, controlling high blood pressure, diabetes, eating a low-fat diet, exercising regularly, reduce the risk of vascular dementia, vascular dementia, play a role, in the progression, of alzheimer's disease.