creatinine clearance…

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what the risks are creatinine tests, gfr, glomerular filtration rate, creatinine clearance test compares the level of creatinine in urine, the creatinine level, in the blood, measurements of a 24-hour urine sample, a blood sample drawn, end, the 24-hour period, clearance, measured, milliliters/minute, ml/min, creatinine is found in stable plasma concentrations, freely filtered, not reabsorbed, minimally secreted by the kidneys, creatinine clearance, estimate the glomerular filtration rate, gfr, gfr in turn, standard by which kidney function is assessed, a 24-hour urine sample generally required, 6-, 12-hour urine collections, done alternatively, to discontinue drugs, interfere, on day 1, urinate, toilet, get up, afterwards, collect all urine, special container, the next 24 hours, on day 2, urinate, container, get up, cap the container, in the refrigerator, a cool place, collection period, label the container, time of completion, infant, thoroughly wash the area around the urethra, open a urine collection bag, a plastic bag, an adhesive paper on one end, place it on the infant, males, entire penis, in the bag, adhesive attached, skin, females, bag, over the labia, diaper, usual over the secured bag, take a couple of attempts, lively infants, displace the bag, causing the specimen to be absorbed by the diaper, infant, checked frequently, bag changed, infant has urinated, bag, urine is drained, container, transport, deliver it, upon completion, adult, child, blood is drawn, a vein, the elbow, the hand, puncture site is cleaned, antiseptic, an elastic band, around the upper arm to apply pressure, vein to swell, blood, a needle is inserted, vein, blood is collected in an air-tight vial, a syringe, band is removed, restore circulation, once the blood has been collected, needle is removed, puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding, infant, young child, area is cleansed, antiseptic, punctured, a sharp needle, a lancet, blood collected, pipette, small glass tube, on a slide, onto a test strip, into a small container, a bandage applied, puncture site, any bleeding, the blood, urine, infants, children, collection is taken, infant, a couple of extra collection bags necessary, test depends on child's age, level of trust, prepare child, infant test, procedure preparation, birth to 1 year, toddler test, procedure preparation, 1 to 3 years, preschooler test, procedure preparation, 3 to 6 years, schoolage test, procedure preparation, 6 to 12 years, adolescent test, procedure preparation, 12 to 18 years, urine test involves only normal urination, no discomfort, needle is inserted to draw blood, feel moderate pain, others feel only a prick, stinging sensation, some throbbing, creatinine clearance, estimate, the glomerular filtration rate, volume of filtrate made by the kidneys per minute, urine, serum creatinine levels, measured, the urine volume in 24 hours, clearance rate is then calculated, calculation uses a correction factor, body size, creatinine clearance appears to decrease, each decade corresponds to a decrease of, 6.5 ml/min, /1.73 m2, creatinine is used, purpose, it, very little creatinine is reabsorbed after it is filtered, filtrate made, in the kidney depends on the amount, blood that passes, the glomeruli, ability, the glomeruli to act, filters, a small amount, creatinine is secreted by the kidney tubules, creatinine clearance is not exactly equivalent, gfr, in fact, creatinine clearance, overestimates the gfr, particularly true in patients, advanced renal failure, percentage of secreted creatinine, in the urine means a greater percentage, the overall urine creatinine, normal values, normal value ranges, among different laboratories, male, 97 to 137 ml/min, female, 88 to 128 ml/min, ml/min, = milliliters per minute, abnormal results, lower-than-normal gfr measurements, acute tubular necrosis, congestive heart failure, dehydration, glomerulonephritis, renal ischemia, blood deficiency, shock, acute bilateral obstructive uropathy, acute nephritic syndrome, acute renal failure, chronic renal failure, end-stage renal disease, rapidly progressive, crescentic, glomerulonephritis, wilms' tumor risks, minimal, blood draw process, excessive bleeding at blood draw site, fainting, feeling light-headed, hematoma, blood accumulating under the skin, infection, a slight risk, the skin is broken, multiple punctures to locate veins, factors, interfere, the accuracy, incomplete urine collection, pregnancy, vigorous exercise, drugs, interfere, creatinine clearance measurements, cimetidine, trimethoprim, nephrotoxic drugs, cephalosporins, cefoxitin, veins, arteries vary in size, obtaining a blood sample.