chronic obstructive pulmonary disease…

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spirometry, emphysema, bronchitis, quitting smoking, copd, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, smoking, copd, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, respiratory system, copd, chronic obstructive airway disease, chronic obstructive lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, copd, group of lung diseases involving limited airflow, varying degrees of air sac enlargement, airway inflammation, lung tissue destruction, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, the most common forms of copd, leading cause of copd is smoking, lead, two most common forms of this disease, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, prolonged tobacco use causes, lung inflammation, variable degrees of air sac, alveoli, destruction, leads to inflamed, narrowed airways, chronic bronchitis, permanently enlarged air sacs, the lung, reduced lung elasticity, emphysema, between 15%, 20% of long-term smokers, develop copd, risk factors, copd, passive smoking, exposure of non-smokers to cigarette smoke from others, male gender, working, polluted environment, an enzyme deficiency, alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiency, cause emphysema in non-smokers, shortness of breath, dyspnea, persisting, months to years, wheezing, decreased exercise tolerance, cough, phlegm, an examination often reveals increased work involved in breathing, nasal flaring evident, air intake, lips pursed, shape lips make, whistle, exhaling, a flare of disease, chest inspection reveals contraction, the muscles between the ribs, inhalation, intercostal retraction, use of accessory breathing muscles, respiratory rate, breaths per minute, elevated, wheezing heard, a stethoscope, a chest x-ray, an over-expanded lung, hyperinflation, a chest ct scan, emphysema, a sample of blood taken, artery, arterial blood gas, low levels of oxygen, hypoxemia, high levels of carbon dioxide, respiratory acidosis, pulmonary function tests show decreased airflow rates exhaling, over-expanded lungs, copd includes inhalers that dilate the airways, bronchodilators, theophylline, copd patient must stop smoking, cases inhaled steroids, suppress lung inflammation, in severe cases, flare-ups, intravenous, oral steroids, antibiotics, flare-ups of symptoms, infections, worsen copd, chronic, low-flow oxygen, non-invasive ventilation, intubation needed lung volume reduction surgery, copd, surgical therapy currently evaluated, large, national trial, lung transplant is sometimes performed, severe cases, stress of illness, helped by joining a support group where members share common experiences, lung disease, support group, condition is associated, chronic, long-term, illness, disease continues to worsen, tobacco use continues, right sided heart failure, cor pulmonale, enlargement, the heart, heart failure associated, chronic lung disease, arrhythmias, dependence on mechanical ventilation, oxygen therapy, pneumothorax, air outside the lung, pneumonia, rapid increase in shortness of breath, complications develop, avoidance of smoking prevents copd, early recognition, treatment of small airway disease in people who smoke, combined, smoking cessation, prevent progression.