acute tubular necrosis…

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kidney anatomy, kidney, blood, urine flow, necrosis, renal tubular, atn, necrosis, acute tubular, acute tubular necrosis, kidney disorder involving damage, renal tubule cells, resulting in acute kidney failure, acute tubular necrosis, atn, ischemia, the kidneys, lack of oxygen, tissues, by exposure to materials, poisonous, kidney, nephrotoxic agents, internal structures, the kidney, particularly the tissues, the kidney tubule, become damaged, destroyed, atn is one, the most common structural changes associated, the development of acute renal failure, atn, prerenal azotemia, the most common causes, renal failure in hospitalized patients, acute tubular necrosis include injury, trauma, resulting damage, muscles, recent major surgery, blood transfusion reaction, septic shock, forms of shock, severe hypotension, low blood pressure, lasts longer than 30 minutes, condition that causes, a reduction, in the amount, blood pumped by the heart, atn, liver disease, diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy, make a person more susceptible, atn, exposure to nephrotoxic agents aminoglycoside antibiotics, antifungal agents amphotericin, medications, prevent rejection of transplanted organs cyclosporine, dye used, radiographic, x-ray, studies, urine output, decreased, none, urination, excessive volume, urination, excessive at night, generalized swelling, fluid retention, nausea, vomiting, decreased consciousness, drowsy, lethargic, hard to arouse, delirium, confusion, coma, seizures, easy bruising, bleeding, vomiting blood, bloody stools, decrease in sensation, the hands, feet, chills, shaking, abnormal urine color, blood, in the urine, joint pain, flank pain, symptoms of acute renal failure, examination, indicates acute renal failure, signs of fluid overload, abnormal sounds on listening, heart, lungs, a stethoscope, auscultation, urinalysis, casts, renal tubular cells, red blood cells, urine sodium high, fractional excretion of sodium, urea relatively high, urine specific gravity, osmolarity urine indicate dilute urine, ratio of urine to plasma, blood, levels of creatinine, urea reduced, bun, serum creatinine levels, increase, a kidney biopsy, acute tubular necrosis, a biopsy is rarely performed, tests, rbc, urine, potassium, urine, osmolality, creatinine clearance, creatinine, urine, abdominal mri, in most people, acute tubular necrosis, reversible lesion, goal of treatment, prevent life-threatening complications of acute renal failure, time the lesion is present, treatment focuses on preventing the excess accumulation of fluids, wastes allowing the kidneys to heal, observation, deterioration of kidney function, ongoing, fluid intake restricted to a volume equal, volume of urine produced, intake of substances, excreted by the kidney restricted to minimize buildup, a diet high in carbohydrates, low in protein, reduced sodium, reduced potassium, underlying cause must be identified, diuretics, increase the excretion of fluid, kidney, medications given to control potassium levels, in the bloodstream, dialysis, remove excess waste, fluids, often makes the person feel better, make the kidney failure easier to control, dialysis, frequently lifesaving, serum potassium is dangerously high, decreased mental status, pericarditis, increased potassium levels, total lack of urine production, fluid overload, uncontrolled accumulation of nitrogen waste products, common indications, dialysis, duration of symptoms of atn is variable, decreased urine output phase, a few days to 6 weeks, occasionally followed by a period of high urine output, healed, newly refunctioning kidneys attempt to clear the body of fluid, wastes, two days after urine output rises, symptoms reduce, laboratory values begin to return to normal, increased risk of infection, gastrointestinal loss of blood, chronic renal failure, end-stage renal disease, hypertension, urine output decreases, stops, symptoms suggestive of acute tubular necrosis develop, prompt treatment of conditions, result in decreased blood flow, decreased oxygenation, the kidneys, reduce the risk of acute tubular necrosis, blood transfusions, crossmatched to reduce the risk of incompatibility reactions, disorders diabetes, liver disorders, cardiac disorders must be, controlled, to reduce the risk of atn, exposure to medications, toxic, kidney, monitored, serum levels, the medication checked regularly, adequate hydration after radiocontrast dyes, allow excretion, reduce the risk of kidney damage.