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insulin, in-su-lin, is one, many hormones that helps the body turn the food we eat into energy, insulin helps us store energy that we can use later, after we eat, insulin works by causing sugar, glucose, to go from the blood into our body's cells to make fat, sugar, protein, when we need more energy between meals, insulin will help us use the fat, sugar, protein that we have stored, this occurs whether we make our own insulin, pancreas gland, take it by injection, diabetes mellitus, sugar diabetes, is a condition in which the body does not make enough insulin to meet its needs, does not properly use the insulin it makes, without insulin, glucose cannot get into the body's cells, without glucose, the cells will not work properly, to work properly, insulin you use, balanced against the amount and type, food you eat, amount, exercise you do, change my diet, exercise, both without changing my insulin dose, blood glucose level can drop too low, rise too high, a prescription is not necessary to purchase most insulin, must first determine my insulin needs and provide you with special instructions for control, diabetes, insulin can be obtained from beef, pork pancreas glands, another type, insulin, may use is, human insulin, just like the insulin made by humans, made by methods, semi-synthetic, recombinant dna, all types, insulin, injected, taken by mouth, insulin is destroyed, stomach, insulin is available, following dosage forms parenteral, buffered insulin human, a regular insulin, injection, extended insulin zinc, an ultralente insulin, injection, extended insulin human zinc, an ultralente insulin, injection, insulin, a regular insulin, injection, insulin human, a regular insulin, injection, insulin zinc, a lente insulin, injection, insulin human zinc, a lente insulin, injection, isophane insulin, an nph insulin, injection, isophane insulin human, an nph insulin, injection, isophane insulin human and insulin human, an nph and a regular insulin, injection, prompt insulin zinc, a semilente insulin, injection are the benefits, for insulin, ever had any reactions to insulin, skin area where you injected the insulin, allergic to any other substances, foods, preservatives, dyes, the amount, insulin you need changes during and after pregnancy, especially important for my health, baby's health, blood sugar be closely controlled, close control, blood sugar can reduce the chance, baby gaining too much weight, having birth defects (Ency), having high, low blood sugar (Ency), be sure to tell a physician if you plan to become pregnant, think you are pregnant, when breast-feeding (Ency), insulin does not pass into breast milk and will not affect the nursing infant, most women need less insulin while breast-feeding than they needed before, will need to test my blood sugar often for several months in case my insulin dose needs, changed, children children are especially sensitive to the effects, insulin before puberty, the time when sexual changes occur, low blood sugar (Ency), especially likely to occur, use in teenagers is similar to use in older age groups, the insulin need, higher during puberty and lower after puberty, use in older adults is similar to use in other age groups, sometimes the first signs, low, high blood sugar are missing, not easily seen in older patients, this may increase the chance, low blood sugar during treatment, some older people, vision problems, other medical problems that make it harder for them to measure and inject the medicine, special training and equipment, an interaction might occur, change the dose, do not take any other medicine, prescribed, approved by a physician, when you are using insulin, health care professionals, alcohol, small amounts, alcohol taken with meals do not usually cause a problem, larger amounts, alcohol taken for a long time, in one sitting without food can increase the effect, insulin to lower the blood sugar level, keep the blood sugar low for a longer period, time than normal, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, acebutolol, sectral, atenolol, tenormin, betaxolol, kerlone, bisoprolol, zebeta, carteolol, cartrol, labetalol, normodyne, metoprolol, lopressor, nadolol, corgard, oxprenolol, trasicor, penbutolol, levatol, pindolol, visken, propranolol, inderal, sotalol, sotacor, timolol, blocadren, beta-adrenergic blocking agents may increase the chance, developing either high, low blood sugar levels, can cover up symptoms, low blood sugar (Ency), fast heartbeat, this, a person with diabetes might not recognize that he, she has low blood sugar and might not take immediate steps to treat it, beta-adrenergic blocking agents can also cause a low blood sugar level to last longer than normal, corticosteroids, prednisone, other cortisone-like medicines, corticosteroids taken over several weeks, applied to the skin over a long period, injected into a joint may increase the blood sugar level, higher doses, insulin, needed during corticosteroid treatment and for a period, time after corticosteroid treatment ends, pentamidine, nebupent, dose, pentamidine, insulin, both may need, adjusted if my pancreas can still make some insulin because pentamidine, my pancreas to release its insulin too fast, this effect at first lowers the blood sugar, then causes high blood sugar other medical problems, other medical problems may affect the dose, insulin you need, be sure to tell a physician, any other medical problems, changes in female hormones for some women, during puberty, menstruation, high fever, infection, severe, mental stress, overactive adrenal gland, not properly controlled, other conditions that cause high blood sugar (Ency), conditions increase blood sugar and may increase the amount, insulin you need, take, make it necessary to change the time when you inject the insulin dose, increase the need, take blood sugar tests, diarrhea, gastroparesis, slow stomach emptying, intestinal blockage, vomiting, other conditions that delay food absorption, stomach emptying, conditions may slow the time it takes to break down and absorb my meal from my stomach, intestines, which may change the amount, insulin you need, make it necessary to change the time when you inject the insulin dose, increase the need, take blood sugar tests, injury, surgery, insulin, decreased; the amount and type, insulin you need may change rapidly, kidney disease (Ency), liver disease (Ency), insulin, decreased, partly, slower removal, insulin from the body; this may change the amount, insulin you need, overactive thyroid, not properly controlled, insulin, decreased, partly, faster removal, insulin from the body, until my thyroid condition is controlled, insulin you need may change, make it necessary to change the time when you inject the insulin dose, increase the need, take blood sugar tests, underactive adrenal gland, not properly controlled, underactive pituitary gland, not properly controlled, other conditions that cause low blood sugar (Ency), conditions lower blood sugar and may lower the amount, insulin you need, make it necessary for, change the time when you inject the insulin dose, increase the need, take blood sugar tests, make sure you have the type, beef and pork, pork, human, the strength, insulin that a physician ordered for you, may find that keeping an insulin label with you is helpful when buying insulin supplies, the concentration, strength, insulin is measured in usp insulin units and usp insulin human units and is usually expressed in terms, u-100 insulin, insulin doses are measured and injected with specially marked insulin syringes, the appropriate syringe is chosen based on my insulin dose to make measuring the dose easy to read, this helps you measure my dose accurately, syringes come in three sizes: 3/10 cubic centimeters, cc, measuring up to 30 usp units, insulin, ½ cc measuring up to 50 usp units, insulin, 1 cc measuring up to 100 usp units, insulin, important to follow any instructions from a physician about the careful selection and rotation, injection sites on my body, there are several important steps that will help you successfully prepare my insulin injection, to draw the insulin up into the syringe correctly, need to follow these steps, wash my hands with soap and water, insulin contains zinc, isophane, normally cloudy, completely mixed, mix the insulin by slowly rolling the bottle between my hands, gently tipping the bottle over a few times, never shake the bottle vigorously, hard, the insulin if it looks lumpy, grainy, seems unusually thick, sticks to the bottle, seems, even a little discolored, the insulin if it contains crystals, the bottle looks frosted, regular insulin, short-acting, should be used only if, clear and colorless, remove the colored protective cap on the bottle, do not, remove the rubber stopper, wipe the top, the bottle with an alcohol swab, remove the needle cover from the insulin syringe, prepare my insulin dose, using one type, insulin, draw air into the syringe by pulling back on the plunger, air should be equal to my insulin dose, gently push the needle through the top, the rubber stopper with the bottle standing upright, push plunger in all the way to inject air into the bottle, turn the bottle with syringe upside down in one hand, be sure the tip, the needle is covered by the insulin, with my other hand, draw the plunger back slowly to draw the correct dose, insulin into the syringe, check my dose, hold the syringe with the scale at eye level to see that the proper dose is withdrawn, for air bubbles, tap gently on the measuring scale, the syringe to move any bubbles to the top, the syringe near the needle, then, push the insulin slowly back into the bottle and draw up my dose again, dose measures too low, syringe, withdraw more solution from the bottle, there is too much insulin, syringe, put some back into the bottle, then check my dose again, remove the needle from the bottle and re-cover the needle, prepare my insulin dose, using two types, insulin, when you mix regular insulin with another type, insulin, always, draw the regular insulin into the syringe, when you mix two types, insulins other than regular insulin, it does not matter in what order you draw them into the syringe, after you decide on a certain order for drawing up my insulin, should use the same order each time, some mixtures, insulins have, injected immediately, stable for longer periods, which means, can wait before you inject the mixture, check with my health care professional to find out which type you have, draw air into the syringe by pulling back on the plunger, air, syringe should be equal to the part, will be taking from the first bottle, inject the air into the first bottle, do not draw the insulin yet, next, draw into the syringe an amount, air equal to the part, will be taking from the second, bottle, inject the air into the second bottle, return to the first bottle, with the plunger at zero, draw the first insulin dose, usually regular insulin, into the syringe, check my dose, hold the syringe with the scale at eye level to help you see that the proper dose is withdrawn, for air bubbles, tap gently on the measuring scale, the syringe to move any bubbles to the top, the syringe near the needle, at this point, the first part, the dose measures too low, syringe, can withdraw more solution from the bottle, there is too much insulin, in my syringe, put some back into the bottle, then check my dose again, then, without moving the plunger, insert the needle into the second bottle, insulin and withdraw the dose, sometimes withdrawing a little bit more insulin from the second bottle than needed will help you correct the second dose more easily when you remove the air bubbles, again, check that the proper dose is withdrawn, the syringe will now contain two types, insulin, important not, to squirt, extra solution from the syringe back into the bottle, doing so might change the insulin, bottle, throw away any extra insulin, syringe, are not sure, have done this correctly, throw away the dose into the sink and begin the steps again, do not place, the solutions back into either bottle, can use the same syringe to begin the procedure again, prepared my mixture ahead, gently turn the filled syringe back and forth to remix the insulins before you inject them, do not shake the syringe, inject my insulin dose, after you have prepared my syringe and chosen the area, body to inject, are ready to inject the insulin into the fatty skin, clean the area where the injection is, given with an alcohol swab, with soap and water, let the area dry, pinch up a large area, skin and hold it firmly, with my other hand, hold the syringe like a pencil, push the needle straight into the pinched-up skin at a 90-degree angle for an adult, at a 45-degree angle for a child, be sure the needle is all the way in, not necessary to draw back on the syringe each time, for blood, routine aspiration, push the plunger all the way down, using less than 5 seconds to inject the dose, let go, the skin, hold an alcohol swab near the needle and pull the needle straight out, the skin, press the swab against the injection area for several seconds, do not rub, are either thin, greatly overweight, given special instructions for giving myself insulin injections, use special injection devices, important to follow the information that comes with my insulin and with the device you use for injecting my insulin, this will ensure proper use and proper insulin dosing, need more information about this, ask my health care professional, for patients using an automatic injector, with a disposable syringe, after the dose is drawn, the disposable syringe is placed inside the automatic injector, pressing a button on the device quickly plunges the needle into the skin, releasing the insulin dose, for patients using a continuous subcutaneous infusion insulin pump, buffered regular human insulin, when available, is the recommended insulin for insulin pumps, otherwise non-buffered regular insulin can be used, the pump consists, a tube, with a needle on the end, it that is taped to the abdomen, a computerized device that is worn at the waist, insulin is received continuously from the pump, a button is pressed at mealtime to release an extra insulin dose, important to follow the pump manufacturer's directions on, load the syringe and/or pump reservoir, do not load the syringe and/or pump properly, may not get the correct insulin dose, check the infusion tubing and infusion-site dressing as often, health care professional recommends to make sure the pump is working properly, for patients using disposable syringes, manufacturers, disposable syringes recommend that they be used only once, the sterility, a reused syringe cannot be guaranteed, some patients prefer to reuse a syringe until its needle becomes dull, most insulins have chemicals added that keep them from growing the bacteria that are usually found on the skin, the syringe should be thrown away when the needle becomes dull, has been bent, has come into contact with any surface other than the cleaned and swabbed area, skin, plan to reuse a syringe, the needle, recapped after each use, check with my health care professional to find out the best way to reuse syringes, for patients using an insulin pen device, cartridge and disposable needles, change the dose by rotating the head, the pen, put the pen next to my skin and press the plunger to inject the medicine, some pen devices can only inject certain doses, insulin with each injection, injection amounts can be different for different pen devices, to receive the right dose, might have to count the number, times you press the plunger, devices use special cartridges, isophane insulin, nph, regular insulin, r, a mixture, two types, for patients using nondisposable syringes, glass syringe and metal needle, types, syringes and needles, used repeatedly if they are sterilized after each use, should get an instruction sheet that tells you, do this, need more information about this, ask my health care professional, for patients using a spray injector, device without needles, the dose is measured by rotating part, the device, insulin is drawn up into the spray device from an insulin bottle, pressing a button forcefully sprays the insulin dose into the skin, this involves a wider area, skin than an injection would, laws in some states require that used insulin syringes and needles be destroyed, be careful when you recap, bend, break a needle, actions increase the chances, a needle-stick injury, best to put used syringes and needles in a disposable container that is puncture-resistant, an empty plastic liquid laundry detergent, bleach bottle, to use a needle-clipping device, a syringe being reused by someone else is smaller if the plunger is taken out, the barrel and broken in half when you dispose, a syringe, use this medicine, directed, less insulin than recommended by a physician, serious side effects, a physician will give you instructions about diet, exercise, test my blood sugar levels, adjust my dose when you are sick, diet, the daily number, calories, meal plan should be adjusted by a physician, a registered dietitian to help you reach and maintain a healthy body weight, regular meals and snacks are arranged to meet the energy needs, body at different times, the day, carefully follow my meal plan, exercise, ask a physician what kind, exercise to do, the best time to do it, how much you should do each day, blood tests, this is the best way to tell whether my diabetes is being controlled properly, blood sugar testing helps you, health care team adjust my insulin dose, meal plan, exercise schedule, changes in dose, a physician may change the first dose, the day, a change, first dose, the day might change my blood sugar later, day, change the amount, insulin you should use in other doses later that day, that is why a physician should know any time my dose changes, even temporarily, told otherwise, sick days, when you become sick with a cold, fever, the flu, need, take my usual insulin dose, feel too ill to eat, this is especially true, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, infection usually increases my need for insulin, call a physician for specific instructions, continue taking my insulin and try to stay on my regular meal plan, trouble eating solid food, drink fruit juices, nondiet soft drinks, clear soups, eat small amounts, bland foods, a dietitian, a physician can give you a list, foods, amounts to use for sick days.test my blood sugar level at least every 4 hours, awake and check my urine for ketones, ketones are present, call a physician at once, severe, prolonged vomiting, even when you start feeling better, let a physician know how you are doing, will be different for different patients, follow a physician's orders, the directions on the label, information applies to the average doses, dose is different, the number, injections, receive each day depends on the strength, type, the number, doses you receive each day, the time allowed between doses, time you receive the medicine depend on the amount, sugar, in my blood, urine, for regular insulin, r, crystalline zinc, human buffered, human regular insulins, for injection, dosage form, for treating sugar diabetes, diabetes mellitus, adults and teenagers, the dose is based on my blood sugar, the medicine is injected under the skin fifteen, thirty minutes before meals and/or a bedtime snack, use more than one type, insulin, dose is based on my blood sugar and body weight, for isophane insulin, nph, isophane and human isophane insulins, for injection, dosage form, for treating sugar diabetes, diabetes mellitus, adults and teenagers, the dose is based on my blood sugar, the medicine is injected under the skin thirty to sixty minutes before a meal and/or a bedtime snack, use more than one type, insulin, dose is based on my blood sugar and body weight, for isophane insulin human/insulin human, nph/r, human isophane/human regular insulin, for injection, dosage form, for treating sugar diabetes, diabetes mellitus, adults and teenagers, the dose is based on my blood sugar, the medicine is injected under the skin fifteen to thirty minutes before breakfast, may need a dose before another meal, at bedtime, use more than one type, insulin, dose is based on my blood sugar and body weight, for insulin zinc, l, lente and human lente insulins, for injection, dosage form, for treating sugar diabetes, diabetes mellitus, adults and teenagers, the dose is based on my blood sugar, the medicine is injected under the skin thirty minutes before breakfast, may need a dose before another meal and/or a bedtime snack, use more than one type, insulin, dose is based on my blood sugar and body weight, for insulin zinc extended, u, ultralente and human ultralente insulins, for injection, dosage form, for treating sugar diabetes, diabetes mellitus, adults and teenagers, the dose is based on my blood sugar, the medicine is injected under the skin thirty to sixty minutes before a meal and/or a bedtime snack, use more than one type, insulin, dose is based on my blood sugar and body weight, for prompt insulin zinc, s, semilente insulin, for injection, dosage form, for treating sugar diabetes, diabetes mellitus, adults and teenagers, the dose is based on my blood sugar, the medicine is injected under the skin thirty to sixty minutes before breakfast, may need a dose thirty minutes before another meal and/or a bedtime snack, use more than one type, insulin, dose is based on my blood sugar and body weight, unopened bottles, insulin should be refrigerated until needed, used until the printed expiration date on the label, insulin should never be frozen, remove the insulin from the refrigerator and allow it to reach room temperature before injecting it, an insulin bottle in use, kept at room temperature for up to 1 month, insulin that has been kept at room temperature for longer than a month should be thrown away, storing prefilled syringes, refrigerator with the needle pointed up reduces problems that can occur, crystals forming, needle and blocking it up, do not expose insulin to extremely hot temperatures, to sunlight, extreme heat will cause insulin to become less effective much more quickly, precautions, know the side effects, a physician check my progress at regular visits, especially during the first few weeks, insulin treatment, very important to follow carefully any instructions from my health care team about, alcohol, drinking alcohol, severe low blood sugar (Ency), discuss this with my health care team, tobacco, been smoking for a long time and suddenly stop, dosage, insulin may need, reduced, decide to quit, do not take other medicines unless they, discussed with a physician, this especially includes nonprescription medicines, aspirin, medicines for appetite control, asthma, colds, cough, hay fever, sinus problems, counseling, other family members need to learn, prevent side effects, help with side effects if they occur, patients with diabetes, especially teenagers, may need special counseling about insulin dosing changes that might occur, lifestyle changes, changes in exercise and diet, furthermore, counseling on contraception and pregnancy, the problems that can occur in women with diabetes who become pregnant, travel, keep a recent prescription, medical history with you, be prepared for an emergency as you would normally, make allowances for changing time zones, keep my meal times as close as possible to my usual meal times, store insulin properly, emergency, a time when you need emergency help for a problem caused by my diabetes, need, prepared for these emergencies, a good idea to, wear a medical identification, id, bracelet, neck chain at all times, carry an id card, in my wallet, purse that says, have diabetes and lists all, keep an extra supply, insulin and syringes with needles on hand in case high blood sugar occurs, keep some kind, quick-acting sugar handy to treat low blood sugar (Ency), a glucagon kit available in case severe low blood sugar occurs, check and replace any expired kits regularly, too much insulin can cause low blood sugar (Ency), hypoglycemia, insulin reaction, symptoms, low blood sugar (Ency), treated before they lead to unconsciousness, passing out, different people may feel different symptoms, low blood sugar (Ency), learn what symptoms, low blood sugar you usually have so, can treat it quickly, symptoms, low blood sugar can include: anxious feeling, behavior change similar to being drunk, blurred vision (Ency), cold sweats, confusion, cool pale skin, difficulty in concentrating, drowsiness (Ency), excessive hunger, fast heartbeat, headache, nausea, nervousness, nightmares, restless sleep, shakiness, slurred speech, unusual tiredness (Ency), weakness, low blood sugar may develop quickly and may result from, delaying, missing a scheduled meal, snack, exercising more than usual, drinking a significant amount, alcohol, taking certain medicines, using too much insulin, sickness, especially with vomiting, diarrhea, know what to do if symptoms, low blood sugar occur, eating some form, quick-acting sugar when symptoms, low blood sugar first appear will usually prevent them from getting worse, good sources, sugar, glucose tablets, gel, fruit juice, nondiet soft drink, 4 to 6 ounces, one-half cup, corn syrup, honey, 1 tablespoon, sugar cubes, six one-half inch size, table sugar, dissolved in water, a snack is not scheduled for an hour, more you should also eat a light snack, cheese and crackers, half a sandwich, drink an 8-ounce glass, milk, chocolate because its fat slows down the sugar entering into the blood stream, glucagon is used in emergency situations, unconsciousness, a glucagon kit available and know, prepare and use it, members, household also should know how and when to use it, high blood sugar (Ency), hyperglycemia, is another problem related to uncontrolled diabetes, any symptoms, high blood sugar (Ency), contact my health care team, high blood sugar is not treated, severe hyperglycemia can occur, leading to ketoacidosis, diabetic coma, mild high blood sugar appear more slowly than those, low blood sugar (Ency), symptoms can include: blurred vision; drowsiness; dry mouth; flushed and dry skin; fruit-like breath odor; increased urination, frequency and volume, appetite; stomachache, nausea, vomiting; tiredness; troubled breathing, rapid and deep, and unusual thirst, symptoms, severe high blood sugar (Ency), ketoacidosis, diabetic coma, that need immediate hospitalization include: flushed and dry skin, fruit-like breath odor, ketones in urine, passing out, troubled breathing, rapid and deep, high blood sugar symptoms may occur if you, diarrhea, a fever, an infection, do not take enough insulin, skip a dose, insulin, do not exercise as much as usual, overeat, do not follow my meal plan, know what to do if high blood sugar occurs, a physician may recommend changes, in my insulin dose, meal plan to avoid high blood sugar (Ency), symptoms, high blood sugar (Ency), corrected before they progress to more serious conditions, check with a physician often to make sure you are controlling my blood sugar, a physician might discuss the following with you, increasing my insulin dose when you plan to eat an unusually large dinner, holidays, this type, increase is, an anticipatory dose, decreasing my dose for a short time for special needs, when you cannot exercise as you normally do, changing only one type, insulin dose, usually the first dose, anticipating how the change may affect other doses during the day, contacting a physician if you need a permanent change in dose, delaying a meal if my blood glucose is over 200 mg/dl to allow time for my blood sugar to go down, an extra insulin dose, needed if my blood sugar does not come down shortly, not exercising if my blood glucose is over 240 mg/dl and reporting this to a physician immediately, being hospitalized if ketoacidosis, diabetic coma occurs, side effects, along with its needed effects, some unwanted effects, side effects may occur, may need medical attention, check with a physician immediately, side effects occur, convulsions, seizures, unconsciousness, side effects occur, low blood sugar (Ency), mild, anxious feeling, behavior change similar to being drunk, blurred vision (Ency), cold sweats, confusion, cool pale skin, difficulty in concentrating, drowsiness (Ency), excessive hunger, fast heartbeat, headache, nausea, nervousness, nightmares, restless sleep, shakiness, slurred speech, unusual tiredness (Ency), weakness, weight gain, depressed skin at the place, injection, swelling, face, fingers, feet, ankles, thickening, the skin at the place, injection, the side effects listed above, reported for each, reported for at least one, all, the insulins are similar, side effects may occur with, other side effects, additional information once a medicine has been approved for marketing for a certain use, experience may show, also useful for other medical problems, this use is not included in product labeling, regular insulin is used in certain patients, to treat high blood sugar (Ency), hyperglycemia, in low birth weight infants, to test for growth hormone deficiency, to prevent complications, diabetes, eye problems, retinopathy, kidney disease (Ency), nephropathy, nerve damage, neuropathy, other than, information, there is no additional information relating to, side effects, use, brand names some commonly used brand names are, humulin 50/50, humulin n, humulin n pen, humulin r, humulin r, regular u-500, concentrated, humulin u, lente iletin ii, lente, novolin 70/30, novolin n, novolin n penfill, novolin n prefilled, novolin 70/30 penfill, novolin r penfill, novolin r prefilled, nph iletin ii, nph purified insulin, regular, concentrated, iletin ii, u-500, regular iletin ii, regular insulin, velosulin br, humulin-n, humulin-r, humulin-u, lente iletin, lente iletin ii, novolin ge 30/70, novolin ge nph, novolin ge nph penfill, novolin ge 10/90 penfill, novolin ge toronto penfill, novolin ge ultralente, nph iletin, nph iletin ii, regular iletin ii, velosulin human,